Dualism Vs Physicalism - 1766 Words

I would like to begin this paper by addressing what question I hope to answer through the entirety of this paper: is the mind physical? As simple as this question may seem to be, there still, to this day, is not a definite answer. There are, mostly, two approaches to answering this problem, through dualism or physicalism. The dualist, for the purposes of this paper, simply believes that the mind and the body are not equal and therefore, they are not one in the same. The physicalist, however, would come back to say that there are no such things as non-physical objects and therefore, they would conclude that the body and the mind are both physical. After weighing on both sides of this argument, I am going to defend the physicalist ideas and†¦show more content†¦An objection to this statement would be that we are not actually gaining any new knowledge after experiencing events. What if, in reality, all we are doing is obtaining a new ability? Since we already know all the physi cal information about experiencing the color red, the physicalist would say that there would not be any new knowledge to obtained from this event, but instead, we just know the ability to see the color red now. But, in another section of Jackson’s article, he refers back to the famous article What is it Like to Be a Bat?, written by the philosopher Thomas Nagel, to help strengthen his argument against physicalism. Jackson states how there is no amount of physical information that could possibly tell us what it is like to be anything other than a human being (Jackson 416-417). For instance, the dualist would say that I cannot possibly understand what it is like to actually be a dog. Even if I were able to obtain all the possible physical information there is about dogs, according to the dualist, I would still be missing the actual experience of being a dog. However, the physicalist would still argue that, although I am not a dog, I can still know the physical information about what it is like to be a dog and know how they perceive and experience everything in life. Then if, some day, IShow MoreRelatedThe Grand Scheme Of Physicalism Vs. Dualism1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthey happen, and we don’t know how to find out. But just because we don’t know something, or can’t explain it, doesn’t mean it’s unexplainable or that we should give up. In the grand scheme of Physicalism vs. Dualism, NDEs†¦ don’t really prove anything. They don’t make Dualism ‘more likely’, because Dualism can’t even explain how our body then functions normally, let alone what is happening during an NDE. How then, can we say that this is a good explanation at all? There comes a point, just like withRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesto neuroscience and that the Cartesian dualism argument as it is, may be wrong. However future neuroscience discoveries could continue to claim significant parts of both theories as wrong, meaning materialism as it is may not be correct either. The Mind-Body problem forms the basis of the philosophy of the mind argument. Descartes, the rationalist philosopher and scientist, was the first to propose a coherent, in depth theory, known as Cartesian dualism which supposes that â€Å"the mental and theRead MoreResearch Paper on William James and Functionalism1230 Words   |  5 Pagessensory inputs, and behavioral outputs . Functionalism is a theoretical level between physical implementation and behavioral output. Therefore, it is different from its predecessors of Cartesian dualism (advocating discrete mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian behaviorism and physicalism (declaring only physical substances): It is only concerned with the effective functions of the brain.

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Analyze Fitzgeralds Presentation of the Valley of Ashes. Free Essays

Analyze Fitzgerald’s presentation of the Valley of Ashes at the start of chapter 2. Halfway between West Egg and New York lies the ‘valley of ashes’ and this is the ‘desolate’ wasteland, which is also home to the Wilson family. The term ‘desolate’ is used to describe a place that is depressingly empty and solitary. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyze Fitzgeralds Presentation of the Valley of Ashes. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fitzgerald includes this ‘fantastic farm’ to emphasize to the readers, the sharp contrast between luxury and health with poverty and struggle. The valley serves to represent the damage that the upper class characters such as Daisy and Tom can inflict on society. Through the Wilson family, we get the impression that this is a place where the victims of the American Dream reside and is home to those who have very little to look forward to in the future and have very little going on in their lives. Unlike New York, this barren site lacks extravagance and the repetition of the color ‘grey’ which like black, can be used to signify a lack of life, as well as loss or depression serves to remind us of the emptiness Fitzgerald is trying to portray – even the men who work there are ‘ash-grey’. The Valley is a product of capitalism as it is created by industrial waste and can be seen as the dumping ground for the likes of wealthy men and women. The wealthy reside in false pretence where their homes are reflective of gold  but down the ‘motor-road’ we can find the valley of their corruptive wealth. It is the complete opposite of life in the West Egg and in New York. Transferred epithet as well as personification is used when describing the movement of the cars. It is said that even the cars ‘crawl’ and once again, this stresses to the readers the emptiness in the valley. Up until this juncture, Fitzgerald uses cars as a symbol of power and along with power tends to co me wealth. For all the wealthy characters in the novel such as Gatsby and the Buchanan, a car comes along with the lavish lifestyles they lead, but if you compare this to the Wilsons, they fix cars just in order to make a living. It’s as if to those that live in New York, it’s just a good time but for those in the valley of ashes, this is what they call life. It is evident that everything here is devalued and mounts to nothing in New York. In the valley of Ashes, we also have the eyes of Doctor T. J . Eckleburg that sees everything. Although it is just a billboard, It could be argued that through these ‘yellow spectacles’ are the eyes of God as well as the eyes of Nick. He is our narrator who is within and without the novel. We see the narration through his eyes but by doing so, Fitzgerald is able to withhold information from the readers as we can only see what Nick chooses to reveal in his narrative as he judges everyone else from his own perspective. The eyes also serve to represent the harsh reality of the ‘American Dream’ and just how false it can be. Supposedly, anyone can make it big in America if they work hard for it, just like the Wilsons, but the truth is not everyone can be as wealthy as Gatsby and the Buchanan’s and the idea that everyone can live that American dream is just a dream. Although it has proved wealth for some, like the ashes, the Wilsons hope for this wealth are not very alive. How to cite Analyze Fitzgeralds Presentation of the Valley of Ashes., Papers